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Terracotta, also known as terra-cotta in Latin, which simply means ‘baked earth’, is a brownish-red material often used in ornamental architecture and sculpting or in making earthenware. The beauty of this medium is synonymous with its unique shades of brown and malleability. It has stood the test of time with a firm footing in the past, present and even in the foreseeable future. The origin of terracotta can be traced back to prehistoric times. Venus of Dolby Vestonice, the oldest known terracotta sculpture in the world was found in 26,000 BCE-24,000 BCE. It was discovered under a layer of ash on a palaeolithic encampment in Moravia or the present-day Czech Republic. You'll find terracotta's presence in countries like China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and India. An Enigma Called Nok Traversing the trails and travails through time, it is with awe that I look at Africa, which looms in large as another remarkable destination of change for terracotta. I Googled it up and came across some thousand sources surrounding the enigmatic phrase ‘Nok Culture’. Some three or four images of terracotta head sculptures too captured my attention. Discovered first in modern-day Nigeria by Colonel Dent Young in 1928, Nok sculptures are named after the village where they were found. An archaeologist, Bernard Fagg, later found more of these terracotta sculptures in the town of Jos in Northern Nigeria. These sculptures are believed to be from 1500 BCE-500 BCE. They feature human figures with long heads, almond-shaped eyes and elaborate hairstyles similar to those worn by some Nigerians even today. Many figures even portray common human emotions and experiences, including love, music, sickness and war. Not to mention, Fagg also found quite a lot of jewellery and utensils. Though artists from the Iron Age mostly indulged in creating iron sculptures, terracotta earned popularity after the Nok people of western Nigeria began creating figurines out of clay. The Igbo culture of eastern Nigeria then followed the practice as it gradually spread across sub-Saharan Africa. Clay that holds clues to the history Essentially, the Nok sculptures encourage scholars to believe that an older tradition may have preceded the terracotta art in Nigeria. They also suggest a relationship to the later arts, such as the Ife terracotta sculptures of the Yoruba culture from 500 BCE. While evidence shows that the Nok sculptures were made for more than 500 years, their style remained consistent. This is strange as typically, stylistic changes are to be expected since it is a creative object that was being replicated by artisans across different generations. Mystery behind the craft In the absence of any evidence of a centralised workshop, the only conclusion is that these sculptures may have been made by wandering craftsmen. This sprinkles more enigma on the astonishing uniformity of these sculptures. Speculations lead us to believe that these sculptures were supplied across human settlements. These sculptures were perhaps images of a deity or they may have had a specific but now obsolete purpose. More space for curiosity, yes. It is quite difficult to understand how and why these head sculptures were created. Based on hypothetical shreds of evidence, scholars and archaeologists of the 21st century continue to study them. Production of Nok sculptures today Scouring through the internet, I stumbled on an artist named Audu Washi from Jos in Nigeria, who makes perfect copies of Nok terracotta sculptures. He spends his time making Nok terracotta, which includes figurines of other styles such as Sokoto and Ife. A peek into his method of making Nok figurines reveals a bigger picture of the original method, though with room for differences. He starts off by sourcing the clay from the Nok region, some 100 km from his village Miango, which according to Audu Washi has a ‘shine-shine’ to it. The clay is pre-treated by adding specific components, including ground stones from alluvial deposits, muscovite, and coarse feldspar fragments. The ingredients are then left in a dry plastic bag in a dampened state. Next, he models the clay figurine starting from its base. Audu Washi never starts with his head as parts above the bottom are placed step by step. He uses a multifunctional tool that could be far from the original tools used in the process: A 1-cm-thick wooden stick with a slanted point. Using the pointed end of the stick, the artist presses it into the clay and smoothens out the surface. He then occasionally makes all kinds of incisions and grooves to create patterns on the clay. Washi adds that using iron tools such as a knife could be too sharp to create the soft contours on the figurines. It takes some two to three hours for Washi to finish one sculpture before it is sun-dried for four to five days. It is later baked at a temperature of 600-800 degrees centigrade. They take on a beautiful brownish-orange colour after the firing process. One thing to bear in mind now is that these sculptures may not be water-resistant unless glazed. Terracotta in present-day Africa In West Africa, pottery has been for social, utilitarian and religious purposes. Whereas in eastern Nigeria, terracotta or ceramic pots have been used as musical instruments among the Igbo, Ibibo and Kalabari communities. Before the advent of pipe-borne water and refrigerators, terracotta pots were used for cooling and storing water. Even now, in some societies, palm wine or local beer is brewed in huge pots buried halfway in holes dug in the ground. In some cultures, such as the Dakakari in Northwestern Nigeria and the Akan in Ghana, pottery sculptures are used in rituals for the dead. They make terracotta heads that become the focal point during funerals, a tradition that is thought to be more than three centuries old. These terracotta heads, buried near the grave of the deceased, are considered a medium of exchange between the living and the dead. Similarly, among the Ashanti people in Ghana, sacred pots are used by the bereaved family. The practice of using terracotta to make sculptures, and utensils etc. has continued into the 21st century, perhaps minus the passion and predestined purpose. Today, there are hundreds of Nok sites that face the threat of illegal excavation. You can find two of the ancient Nok sculptures at the Yemisi Shyllon Museum of Art. Pottery, a gendered art in Africa? Though the introduction of Western concepts of art and culture has affected contemporary African art, pottery as an art form has demonstrated resilience, synthesis and flexibility. Pottery, with few exceptions like Audu Washi, is made by women in traditional African societies and dominated by women. However, only a few scholars have considered women to be the creators of the figurative ceramic sculptures, including the Nok sculptures, discovered across the savanna. Due to the gender biases that often correlate men’s art as ‘high’ over women’s ‘low’ craft, men are conveniently presumed the creators of these works. Such production by women can construct new social and cultural meanings. But for some reason, it is hard to find names of women etched into the historical records related to Nok terracotta sculptures too. However, terracotta and ceramic arts are standard art subjects today to make them more accessible and laudable in the world of art. Conclusion Terracotta in Africa is synonymous with the Nok Culture that existed for some 500 years and mysteriously disappeared from the face of the planet. Archaeological readings suggest that the use of terracotta in Africa may have originated around the same time as the Iron Age. However, we also get a sneak-peek into the ancient life and practices of the Nok people. Pottery in contemporary Africa today is thus one of the most practical of arts, that provides in concept and physically an excellent testament to the changes over time. References http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/sculpture/terracotta.htm#:~:text=Terracotta was also popular in,(1000-500 BCE)..) https://journals.openedition.org/aaa/1398 https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/nok-culture/ https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-origins/era-3-cities-societies-and-empires-6000-bce-to-700-c-e/33-comparing-early-agrarian-societies-betaa/a/read-ancient-agrarian-societies-nok-society-beta https://studiopotter.org/african-art-traditional-and-contemporary-pottery

Everyone longs for a space of their own. When children build blanket forts and play home under desks and tables they are catering to this intrinsic desire to have a space of one's own. What about sharing this space with our favourite plant babies? How tantalizing. This is probably because the very process of caring for them is a step into the adult world. But taking care of plants is not an easy task for beginners. One has to take up the role of a parent, which we all know can be both rewarding and exhausting. Yet with some effort, love and care, a mini jungle can be created in every home. Like the wisest among us say, “Take it one step at a time”. Numerous plants can get along well with new plant parents. All you need to do is smartly choose these plants which adapt to any environment and demand minimum resources and care from us. Pothos Often grown in homes as Money plants, Pothos are an extraordinarily adaptable species which is believed to have originated from the Polynesian forests. Their association with financial luck has made them a popular choice for plant lovers. Furthermore, the ease of taking care of them and the variety of hues and patterns they come in have solidified their position as the plant parent's favourite child. Light: Pothos plants can tolerate a range of light conditions, but they do best in bright, indirect light. They can also thrive in low light, but their growth may be slower. Direct sunlight should be avoided, as it can scorch the leaves. Water: Watering once a week is sufficient. But frequency may vary depending on the temperature, humidity and pot size. Fertilizer: Pothos plants do not require frequent fertilization, but they can benefit from occasional feeding during the growing season. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied every 2-3 months. It is important not to over-fertilize the plant, as this can lead to root burn and damage. Monstera deliciosa Monstera deliciosa is lovingly named after its monster-sized leaves. The perforation on the mature leaves of the plant is often likened to the holes in Swizz cheese, giving it the name Swizz cheese plant. In China, they are believed to be a symbol of longevity and are grown in honour of the elderly in the family. From the tropical forests of southern Mexico, Monstera has found its way into homes around the globe. Water: Monstera plants generally prefer well-draining soil that is kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Light: Monstera plants thrive in bright, indirect sunlight. They can tolerate some direct sunlight in the morning or evening, but too much direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. It's best to place them near a window with filtered or diffused sunlight, or a few feet away from a bright window. Fertilizer: A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied every two weeks. It's important not to over-fertilize, as this can cause burn on the leaves. Snake Plants Snake plants have long vertical leaves with a pattern of alternating dark green, grey, and light green. These plants got their name due to the resemblance their sharp and stiff leaves have to snakes. They have attained worldwide fame for their air-purifying property. As a harbinger of luck and positivity, Snake plants are a regular sight in the homes of spiritually tuned individuals. Water: Snake plants can tolerate dry conditions. It is better to water them thoroughly and infrequently ( once in 2 to 4 weeks)while allowing the soil to completely dry out in between the sessions. Light: they can adapt to various light conditions. If kept in bright indirect sunlight they might grow faster but they can thrive in low lights as well. Fertilizer: Although Snake plants can benefit from organic fertilizers like compost and worm casting, they do not require frequent fertilizing. It is recommended to fertilize them once or twice a year. Peace lily symbolising purity, prosperity and enlightenment, Peace lilies have blossomed in homes across nations. With its dark green leaves and white flowers, it brightens the aura of any space it's placed within. These highly symbolic plants are also excellent air purifiers. Water: Peace lilies prefer moist but not waterlogged soil. It is important to allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it's better to err on the side of underwatering rather than overwatering. Light: Peace lilies thrive in bright, indirect light, but can also tolerate low light conditions. However, if placed in bright spaces, they tend to bloom more. Fertilizer: Peace lilies require fertilization every 6-8 weeks in spring and summer. It is important not to over-fertilize them as it can lead to salt build-up in the soil and cause damage to the roots. Spider plants As a very forgiving plant that does not take to heart the occasional mistakes of their clumsy owners, Spider plants have taken over the hearts of many. Their ribbon-like leaves in different shades of green droop around the edge of the container resembling the legs of a spider. Water requirements: Spider plants prefer to be evenly moist but not waterlogged. They can tolerate periods of dryness, but it's best to keep the soil consistently moist. However, overwatering can cause root rot. Light: They can survive in low-light environments, however, they prefer bright light. So if we want to place them inside our house, they can be kept near a window, so that they can receive a few hours of sunlight. Fertilizer: They don't require frequent replenishing, but they can be fertilized in summer and spring with organic manure. Make sure to dilute the fertilizer to prevent over-fertilisation. Aloe vera Aloe vera can be found almost in every house. The aloe gel within the plant is often considered the sacred blood that holds secrets to immortality, beauty and health. Ancient Greeks believe this plant could cure everything from baldness to insomnia. They also purify the air around us by wiping out toxic gases. Water: Aloe vera is a succulent plant that can survive periods of drought. Therefore, it is important not to over-water it. Watering is necessary only when the plant is completely dry as the plant itself has enough water content, there are chances it will rot. Light: Aloe vera can thrive in bright but indirect sunlight. A south-facing window is hence a good spot for the plant Frequently changing the position of the plant can harm the plant. It cannot withstand fluctuations. Fertilizer: It can grow even in poor soil conditions, but adding fertilizer to it once in two months can help in promoting the growth of leaves (the most beneficial part). Aglaonema Aglaonema comes in varieties- with a blend of pink and green leaves, white and green, and dark green. With vibrant colour combinations and captivating patterns, they are loved by all. Also known as Chinese evergreens, they are also considered luck-bringing plants in certain parts of Asia. Water: Aglaonema prefers to be kept slightly moist, but not too wet. It is best to let the top inch of soil dry out before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so be sure to use a well-draining soil mix and avoid letting the plant sit in standing water. Light: They prefer bright and indirect sunlight. Too much exposure to the sun may lead to wilting of the leaves. Fertilizer: They can be fed with fertilizers during the spring and the summer. However, doing the same during the winter can slow down the growth process. Jade These plants with tiny leaves belong to the succulent family and can have a long life span if they are taken care of properly. They are also known as fortune plant or money tree. In Feng Shui, the plant is said to be the symbol of consistency. According to Vastu, the jade plant, also known as the wealth plant or money plant, will bring wealth and good luck if placed in the southeast corner of the house. Water: The jade plant is a succulent that needs infrequent watering to thrive. The leaves of the plant retain water and become swollen with dark edges when overwatered. If the leaves bend when you squeeze them it's time to water them. Do not retain from watering till the leaves become wrinkled. Light: They need a lot of sunlight. The plant will thank you if you keep it near the southeast-facing window of your house. An inadequate amount of sunlight will affect the growth of the plant. Fertiliser: Adding fertilizers once a month is more than enough for the plant. Repotting the plants after two to three years can be considered as the plant grows rapidly. ZZ plant Also known as Zanzibar gems because of their shiny leaves ZZ plants are one of the easiest plants to grow at home. It sometimes gets mistaken as an artificial plant due to its flawless dark green leaves. They can also survive droughts due to their rhizomes that is a store-house of water. They are slow growers with individual leaves having a lifespan of about 6 months. Water: They are drought-tolerant plants, and thus they don’t mind even if you underwater them. However, while growing indoors, we can check if the soil has no water, and can water accordingly. Their thick rhizomes make them resilient to dry conditions. Light: ZZ plants can tolerate low to moderate light conditions and can even grow in artificial light. However, they prefer bright, indirect light for optimal growth. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it's best to keep them in a shaded or partially shaded spot. Fertilizer: They do not need fertilizers, however, they can also be fed while you are feeding your other plants. It would just increase their growth pace, which is already fast. Rubber plants People used to the large Rubber trees growing in plantations, might be surprised that they are easy-to-grow indoor plants. One of the interesting characteristics of this plant is that its leaves change their shapes in different stages of life, unlike other leaves with the same shape throughout their life. Water: They want their soil to be moist, but they are not very happy when they are bombarded with a lot of water. Light: They prefer low light. Bright indirect light is very suitable for them. Too much sunlight can be damaging to the plant. Fertilizer: They do not need fertilizers to thrive. But if you are planning to add some fertilizers, you can do that doing the summer. The plant would like if the fertilizer is added in a diluted form. In conclusion, indoor plants not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of your home but also improve air quality and promote a sense of calmness. As a beginner, it is important to choose low-maintenance plants and pay attention to their watering, lighting, and fertilizing requirements. By selecting any of the top ten indoor plants discussed in this article, you can kickstart your indoor gardening journey with ease and experience the numerous benefits that come with it.

The history of India's handicrafts dates back almost 5000 years. The country's rich cultural heritage and centuries of evolutionary tradition are manifested by the huge variety of handicrafts. Indian handicrafts mirror their makers' identity, further adding to the charms of this beautiful nation. Although Indian handicrafts are gaining attention on a global level, the artisans who create these pieces are facing numerous challenges that threaten their livelihoods and the survival of their craft. Let's take a closer look at these obstacles faced by Indian artisans and their handicraft production. Lack of market linkages Although crafts are gaining popularity among sophisticated city dwellers, the majority of the artisans depend on the local market to earn their living. This lack of access to buyers is a major obstacle that forces craftsmen to sell their products at lower prices. They often struggle to earn decent wages despite working long hours in poor conditions. This causes them to lose trust in their craft, whereas the middlemen who pop up to exploit this situation sell their goods at a high price point. To combat this issue, a way to improve market linkages is by connecting artisans directly with buyers or providing them access to online marketplaces. Additionally, government initiatives such as the National Handicraft Development Programme and the Indian Institute of Crafts and Design aim to support artisans through training, funding, and market access. Limited Access to Technology Technology has been a driving force for several sectors in recent years. Unfortunately, Indian artisans are still missing from online marketplaces. The high logistical cost and digital know-how hinder their ability to connect with potential customers and expand their businesses through e-commerce. If they learn to properly utilise the internet, these craftsmen could ensure themselves year-round wages while surpassing middlemen who exploit them. To address this issue, there have been various efforts to provide technology access to artisans. The government has launched initiatives such as the Digital India program, which aims to increase the use of ICT in rural areas. There are also non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide technology training and support to artisans. Some private companies have also created online marketplaces to connect artisans with customers worldwide, providing them access to technology and a wider market. Despite these efforts, many artisans still face significant barriers to accessing and utilizing technology. More investment in technology infrastructure and training programs is needed to help Indian artisans fully realize the benefits of technology and compete in the global handicraft market. Limited Financial Resources Indian handicraft industry generally suffers greatly from a lack of working capital and access to loan and credit facilities. In general, this forces artisans to borrow from local money lenders at high-interest rates thereby beginning their difficulties with money. Microfinance institutions have been established to provide financial assistance to artisans. These institutions offer low-interest loans, savings programs, and training in financial management to help artisans improve their financial situation. In addition, several NGOs and government programs have been established to provide financial support to Indian artisans. These initiatives aim to provide financial assistance, training, and market linkages to help artisans improve their livelihoods. Some of these initiatives include the National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), and the Ministry of Textiles. These initiatives play a crucial role in providing financial assistance and support to Indian artisans, helping them to sustain their craft and improve their livelihoods. Lack of Skill Development and Training Indian artisans have inherited their skills from their ancestors, but the lack of formal training hinders their ability to innovate and keep up with changing consumer demands. Moreover, the absence of proper training leads to poor-quality products and low productivity. Without regular upskilling and reskilling, artisans find it hard to change with changing times and sustain their livelihood. Training can not only help artisans acquire new skills and techniques but also provide them with business management knowledge, which is essential to run a successful enterprise. NGOs and government organizations are working to provide training programs to artisans in rural areas. These programs include technical training, marketing, financial management, and entrepreneurship. Efforts have also been made to integrate traditional knowledge with modern technology to develop new products and designs that appeal to a wider audience. Competition with mass-produced products With the rise of industrialization, machines have replaced traditional methods of production. As a result, mass-produced products are flooding the market at lower prices, making it difficult for artisans to sell their products at rates that value their labour. This leads to a decline in the demand for handmade products and a loss of income for the artisans. To address this issue, there are possible solutions that can help Indian artisans. One solution is to promote handmade products and educate consumers about their significance. Another solution is to help artisans create a narrative around their craft thus generating interest and keeping it relevant in the market. Additionally, communicating the value of handmade products in international markets can increase demand and help to sustain the industry. The decline in demand for handmade products has also led to a loss of traditional skills and knowledge, passed down from generation to generation. From lack of market linkages to competition with mass-produced products, these challenges continue to threaten the survival of this rich cultural heritage. It is imperative that we support these artisans by providing access to technology, promoting fair trade practices, and recognizing the value of handmade products.

I have always generously admired the mountainous heap of verdant green girdling the valleys, the canopy of huge trees hovering over large strips of road, and the stubborn creepers climbing eagerly on giant old trees. Travelling through the hills is one of the intimate memory I have always cherished, and the picturesque views are so deeply seated that they appear on the canvas of my mind like dilated green paints, oozing nostalgia. Now, when I am living in the suave city, far from the mountains of the northeast, I find myself longing for a walk amidst the narrow roads hovered by tall trees and feel the gentle rustle of the leaves whispering to the trespassers. As the shift from the green lands to the urban terrain, with buildings and houses, arrayed close to each other, with trees sparsely seen here and there, made me a little uneasy, I thought of creating a tiny shard of green in my room. Growing indoor plants might be as demanding as taking care of a pet. Not just keeping them alive, but also feeding them with the right amount of light and water is important, and it's all about maintaining the balance. People who are fascinated by the idea of indoor plants must bear in mind that just like any other venture, taking care of a plant demands patience and care. However, some plants cannot be grown indoors, despite the extra effort we put in. But there is also a group of plants that would spread its root and branches out without much pampering, irrespective of its surrounding. Some plants, despite the variation in climate, can grow without any difficulty in different places. I remember how the shoot of a plant that I got from the cold northeast, thrived in Kerala. This was one of the plants that needed little maintenance. As I started shifting to different cities, my longing for having a few plants in my room grew even more. In my experience, money plants are one of the most known indoor plants, which can be either grown in soil or dipped in water. Indoor gardening can seem quite easy from the outside, but it is important to create an atmosphere conducive to healthy growth. I cannot recall the number of times people have complained about their plants dying. It's hard to see to leaves and flowers wither too early, or if the stem starts rotting. Most of the time it is difficult to bring back the dying plant to life, and sometimes we cannot do anything but be helpless spectators to the unpleasant view. Good intentions are not enough to keep our plants healthy, we also need to act carefully and be vigilant while parenting them. Factors to consider when choosing indoor plants for beginners There are numerous factors that decide the health of indoor plants. One of the important elements is light. As they are grown in an artificial environment, inside the four walls of a room, we ought to regulate the light that the plant requires. There are many plants that do not require a lot of sunlight in order to thrive. But there are also plants that can be damaged because of light. In such cases, it is better to place them near the east or west-facing window, so that the scorching mid-day light does not damage the plant, and arrange the positions of the plants according to their needs. The intensity for each indoor plant can vary from bright light, low light, and partial light. As light is one of the prime factors to synthesize food for themselves, it is definitely the foremost thing on our checklist, when placing an indoor plant in our home. Grow lights and light meters can be utilised to better provide our precious friends with the ultimate environment. Water is another factor that promotes plant growth. But one has to understand how much water is too much and how much is too less. Some plants can grow in water, whereas some need soil to thrive, and some need some sprinkled over the soil. The requirements also change according to season and weather, and one needs to be keen about their plants’ requirements. Keeping the soil moist can be wonderful, but keeping it too swampy can be perilous for the plant. It is also quite important to check the water as some plants can be extremely sensitive to chemicals and PH levels and you can do so with moisture checkers. Getting yourself aesthetically pleasing watering cans could be an add-on to your home while pleasing your indoor plants. Creating an amicable temperature for plants is another crucial area one must pay heed to. Sudden fluctuations in external conditions can have a huge impact on the plants. Plants convey the message to be cautious through their symptoms like curling up of leaves, yellowing, and falling out of leaves. Balancing water and light is one the easiest ways of protecting the plant from harsh temperatures. It is also advisable to keep the room temperature constant. You can always keep an eye on the changing temperatures with household thermometers. Indoor plants are known for their air-purifying properties and their ability to produce more oxygen. Well, all these good sides are accepted by many of us. However, one needs to be extra careful when we have kids and pets in our house. These naive beings roam around the house and explore almost every corner of the house. Kids, when they start crawling, put everything in their mouths. These acts can seem to be adorable, but on the flip side, some of the things they put in their mouth can have ill-effect on their health. Some plants like peace lilies, and aloe vera can cause allergic reactions, whereas others can cause infestation, nausea etc. Well, not all can be harmful, some of them can also be culinary herbs. There is a high chance that our pet cats, dogs, rabbits, and any other pets can ingest leaves or flowers of indoor plants. Even the very thought that our pretty plants can be fatal to our pets is unpleasant. It is advisable to not get such indoor plants though, it is advisable to keep a first aid kit at home to avoid any unpleasant situation. Good research on plants and the toxic elements they might contain, is always safe, for parents with either toddlers or pets. This awareness about plants and their harm can give us an idea of what plants can be perilous and help them place accordingly in our house, away from their reach. Indoor plants are one of the best ways of beautifying our house. Some of us might be wanting to create an indoor garden, but also would be scrambling to get the right type of plants to begin this noble endeavour of gardening. Well, there are a number of plants that are easy to maintain. These plants are also best for busy people, who love plants but are worried if they would be able to meet their needs. low maintenance plants Pothos, which come in different hues, colours, and patterns, can be found almost in every house nowadays. These plants can be grown in water or soil and can be kept indoors or outdoors. They would grow at their own pace, irrespective of the place. Cacti are a part of the succulent family and need very little water. The plant will thrive even if they are not watered for a few days. They basically like dry weather and lazy plant parents. Aloe vera can also is one of these plants. Known for their cleansing and medicinal properties, it doesn’t need too much water, however, misting it every day would not do any harm. They also love bright light. So placing them on the verandah or near a window would be a great option. low light plants Anglaonemnas can be grown in shady places, and do not need to be exposed in sun for a long time. Its delicate wide, green leaves may wilt and change into yellow if exposed to direct sunlight for a long time. Dumb canes can thrive in low light and diffused bright light. Depending on the variety of the plant, the intensity of the light may differ. However, like Anglaonemnas, these plants may begin to shrivel. Snake plants are also low maintenance. These plants with tough and tall leaves can be placed anywhere in the house. They won’t mind if we keep it in a dimly lit, windowless room, or even in bright sun. Air purifying plants The white bloom of peace lily not only enlivens our living space but also cleans up the air by subduing the toxins. They are also known as cobra plants. They are also known for their ability to absorb acetone and mould spores from the air and make it suitable for us to breathe. Spider plants are also known for their cleansing property. They help restore oxygen by eliminating harmful gases like carbon monoxide, xylene, etc. Boston ferns also make excellent indoor plants. Its lush green leaves add to the interiors of the house, not only bestowing an elegant look but also acting as a natural humidifier by preventing dryness. Caring for indoor plants Choosing the right soil and pot is extremely important for plants. Soil is a storehouse of minerals and nutrients, and as they start losing their nutrients, they need to be replenished with the required minerals. Apart from this, the first step is to identify what type of soil might be right for the plant, which includes considering the water-holding capacity of the soil, and the ability to pass it to the roots. You can always find the right soil mix in online stores Plants depend on soil, water and minerals, for growth, and it's part of parenting to understand the needs of our plants. Some need to be fed with fertilizers ( preferably organic), some need to be watered daily, and some weekly. Sulphur, potassium and calcium are some of the main nutrients that plant absorb through the soil. Adding fertilizers intermittently to promote the production of these nutrients restores the quality of the soil. You should also keep in mind that plants love natural conditions. You need to be cautious while planting them indoors. It is always better to plant them in a terracotta pot or vessel. Earthen pots help pass more oxygen to the plants helping them breathe better, and unlike plastic pots, they absorb excess water. In a nutshell, terracotta pots act as shields for plants. You must have often encountered disease-stricken leaves, stunted growth, premature yellowing of the leaves, and falling out of flowers. The reasons can be many- deficiency, infestation, unfavourable conditions like weather. However, if we are observant even about the slight changes in our plants, we can save them from diseases or pests. Some of the reasons indoor plants are more prone to pest infestation are because of insufficient sunlight, damp soil and bad water drainage system for plants. It would be cruel to use harmful chemicals and pesticides to prevent the plants from infestation, but the plants and soil will have to bear the brunt of such acts. Pesticides can rob the natural ingredients from the soil, which would eventually degrade the plants. It is always best to choose organic methods to protect our plants. Manures produced from cow dung can be excellent pest repellants. In addition, they boost the growth of plants. Fertilizers produced from green waste is one of the easily accessible biodegradable and organic food for plants. There are numerous solutions that can be made at home, using natural ingredients to ward off pests and promote healthy and safe growth. Dregs of tea and egg shells can act as wonderful fertilizers; one can use the blend of garlic and chillies as pesticides to fend off pests. Neem oil and powder also work wonders when it comes to protection from pests. Choosing the right placement and container Our work doesn’t end with choosing the right plants Understanding the needs of plants and choosing the right place is the foremost step to their well-being. Air circulation, sunlight, and temperature need to be taken into account when deciding the place. Apart from the place, choosing the right container is also very important for healthy growth. We need to know how much space the plant will take up while it's growing. Irrespective of the type of plant, it is better to choose earthenware for plants grown in soil because of its eco-friendly property. As the interest in indoor plants is rising, the usage of plastic pots is also on the rise, which is causing more harm than good. Choosing pots made of clay not only promotes local artisans but they healthy for plants, and our environment as a whole. In recent years, terracotta has been gaining popularity, and there are numerous brands that promote eco-friendly products. Mittihub is a Rajasthan-based company that has varied products handcrafted by local artisans across the country. With an aim to promote local artisans and curb the exploitation they endure because of middlemen, they are also trying to revive the dying art of pottery. Thandars Garden is a Kerala-based start-up, initiated by a product design student, who currently lives in Kochi. Her love for sustainable and organic products has nudged her to move forward with terracotta pots and accessories, adorned with hand paintings. Kalapuri is a platform for local artisans of Kolhapur in Maharashtra. They encourage underprivileged women to learn the skills of making different home decor products, apparel, bags, footwear etc. With a blend of transitional and contemporary designs and patterns, they create a space for local artisans to trade their products in the global market. Weaving Homes is a decor store that makes ceramic products for various household purposes. These products are made by the local artisans of UP and Rajasthan. Conclusion Creating a small garden indoors can be one of the best gifts one could give oneself- it would do a world of good. Imagine a walk through the verandah girdled with various shapes and patterns of plants, placed in unique terracotta pots, or waking up to the view of a window full of creepers and dangling leaves. Step by step, one can create an appealing interior. As the number of buildings and apartments is surging, the space for plants and trees is dwindling. To combat the issues cropping up due to the damage humans have done to nature, one can do their bit by planting indoors and outdoors.

Looking for a healthy way to cook your favourite meals? Look no further than terracotta cookware, where flavour meets nutrition in the most natural way possible. It’s not just a trendy addition to your kitchen, but also a time-tested method that has been used for centuries. For Keralaites, who see food as more than a basic necessity, terracotta cookware has been an integral part of their culture for centuries. Now it’s gaining popularity in the world of health-conscious cooking. Terracotta cookware has been used for slow cooking, stewing, and broiling. Its unique ability to retain warmth, moisture, and nutrients makes it a favourite among chefs and health enthusiasts alike. It's not just the nutrients it adds to the food, but also its alkaline nature, which helps maintain the pH level of acidic food. In addition, for women suffering from hormonal imbalances, cooking in earthen cookware can help balance hormones. Dive into the world of terracotta cookware and see how it could revolutionise your culinary experience. Benefits of terracotta cookware Aesthetically pleasing with its natural, earthy tones and textures, terracotta cookware has several benefits that make it a must-have in every kitchen. One of its greatest advantages is that it retains heat extremely well. Due to its porous nature, it spreads heat throughout the pan, this means your food will be cooked evenly and thoroughly, giving you perfectly cooked dishes every time. This makes it the ideal choice for slow-cooking dishes like stew and curries. Moreover, it’s a natural, non-toxic and chemical-free material that does not leach harmful toxins into your meal. It is a safe option for those who care about the quality of their meal. The alkaline nature of terracotta counters the acidity in certain foods, further enhancing its aroma and taste. Along with this the terracotta cookware also adds essential nutrients like calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and sulphur. But that’s not all -terracotta cooking pots require less oil than other cookware. This is because it can retain moisture and natural oil present in your food, making it a heart-healthy alternative. The best part is that terracotta cookware is affordable and easily available all over India. With proper maintenance and care, you can reap its benefits for years but even when it comes to the end of its life, you don't have to worry about hurting the planet as it is compostable. Hence, it is a great choice for those who want to reduce their environmental impact. How to use terracotta cookware safely So you've got your hands on some gorgeous terracotta cookware and can't wait to whip up some delicious dishes? Well, hold your horses, because there are some essential things to keep in mind when handling these delicate beauties. Firstly, you need to 'season' the cookware before you use it. This means dissolving it in water overnight and giving it a good scrub with a stiff bristle brush to get rid of any clay or dust particles. Once it's squeaky clean, leave it out to dry in the sun and then give it a generous brush with oil to prevent anything from sticking to it. Now, the golden rule with terracotta cookware is to go slow and steady. These pots retain heat incredibly well, but they don't take kindly to sudden temperature changes. So always make sure to heat them gradually and avoid exposing them to high temperatures all of a sudden, as this could lead to nasty cracks. Another thing to keep in mind is to use utensils that are gentle on your precious pots. Metal utensils can be too harsh and could cause them to break. So instead, opt for wooden or soft material utensils to ensure the longevity of your cookware. Cleaning and maintenance are also crucial when it comes to these babies. After cooking, it's best to avoid using dishwashing liquid, as it can get stuck in the pores of the terracotta and even leave an unpleasant taste in your food. A good scrub with hot water and a scrubber should do the trick. And don't forget to oil your cookware regularly to prevent it from drying out and cracking. Lastly, remember to always soak your clay pots in water for 20 minutes before cooking to prevent them from cracking due to sudden temperature changes. With these tips in mind, you'll be able to keep your terracotta cookware safe and sound from damage. Types of terracotta cookware Types of terracotta cookware Here are some of the different types of terracotta cookware that will help elevate your culinary creations: Earthen Pots: These unglazed, porous pots are a classic choice for slow-cooked stews, soups and curries. They are perfect for dishes that require gentle and slow heating. And as a bonus, they add a touch of earthiness to the flavour of the food. Tagines: Transport yourself to the vibrant markets of Morocco with a tagine. With its distinctive cone-shaped lid, this terracotta cooking pot is designed to retain moisture and ensure perfectly tender, juicy dishes. Think couscous, fragrant stews, rice and beans. Pizza Stones: Take your pizza-making skills to the next level with a terracotta pizza stone. Not only do they create a crisp crust, but the porous nature of terracotta allows for even cooking and the retention of natural oils from the toppings. Baking Dishes: From savoury casseroles to sweet desserts, terracotta baking dishes are a versatile addition to any kitchen. The two-part design of a clay baker allows for a crispy top and moist centre for dishes like bread, pudding, and baked vegetables. Grilling Pans: Bring the flavours of the outdoors in with a terracotta grilling pan. These pans are perfect for cooking meats, vegetables, and fish with minimal oil. The non-deformable forged aluminium base ensures even heat distribution for perfect grilling every time. Cazuela: Hailing from Spain, cazuela cooking pots are perfect for preparing hearty soups, stews, and casseroles. The glazed finish of the shallow, round pot adds a pop of colour to your kitchen and the ceramic coating ensures easy cleanup. Micaceous Clay: This unique type of clay has a natural sheen and is often left unglazed to showcase its beauty. Micaceous clay cookware is perfect for slow-cooking and simmering, with the bonus of being a beautiful serving dish for your table. Indian Clay Pots: Also known as Handi, Matka, and Manchatti, these unglazed clay pots are a staple in Indian kitchens. Their porous nature allows for even cooking and the retention of natural flavours. They are also an economical and eco-friendly option for cooking. Recipes to try Kerala fish curry is a delicious and flavorful dish from the Indian state of Kerala that can be made in a terracotta pot. Here is a simple recipe to try: Ingredients: 1 lb fish fillets, cut into pieces 1 cup coconut milk 1 onion, chopped 2 tomatoes, chopped 2 green chilies, chopped 1 tsp ginger paste 1 tsp garlic paste 1 tsp turmeric powder 2 tsp red chili powder 2 tsp coriander powder 1 tsp cumin powder 1 tsp mustard seeds Curry leaves Salt to taste Oil Instructions: Soak the terracotta pot in water for at least an hour before using it. Heat oil in the terracotta pot and add mustard seeds. Wait until they start to splutter. Add onions and sauté until they turn golden brown. Add ginger and garlic paste and sauté for a few seconds. Add chopped tomatoes, green chillies, curry leaves, turmeric powder, red chilli powder, coriander powder, and cumin powder. Mix well and cook for 5 minutes. Add the fish pieces to the pot and mix gently so that the fish is coated with the spice mixture. Add coconut milk and salt to taste. Bring the curry to a boil. Reduce heat and let the curry simmer for 10-15 minutes or until the fish is cooked through. Serve hot with steamed rice or bread. Cooking Kerala fish curry in a terracotta pot adds a unique flavour and aroma to the dish. The pot retains heat well, so the curry stays warm for a longer time. The terracotta pot also imparts a mild earthy flavour to the dish, making it taste even better. Biryani is a classic South Asian dish that is beloved for its fragrant blend of spices, tender meat or vegetables, and fluffy basmati rice. It is a perfect dish to make in terracotta cookware for an added depth of flavour. Ingredients: 500g basmati rice 500g chicken, cut into small pieces 1 large onion, finely chopped 3-4 green chillies, finely chopped 2 tbsp ginger-garlic paste 1/2 cup plain yogurt 1 tsp turmeric powder 1 tsp red chilli powder 1 tsp cumin powder 1 tsp coriander powder 1 tsp garam masala Salt to taste 3 tbsp vegetable oil or ghee 2 cups water A handful of chopped fresh coriander leaves and mint leaves Saffron (optional) Instructions: Soak the basmati rice in water for 30 minutes, then drain and set aside. Heat oil in a terracotta cookware on low heat, and add onions and green chillies. Sauté until the onions become translucent. Add the ginger-garlic paste and cook for a few more minutes until the raw smell goes away. Add the chicken pieces, turmeric powder, chilli powder, cumin powder, coriander powder, garam masala, and salt. Cook for 10-15 minutes until the chicken is cooked through. Add the yogurt and mix well, then cook for another 5-10 minutes. Add the soaked basmati rice and 2 cups of water. Mix well and cover the terracotta cookware with a lid. Cook on low heat for 15-20 minutes, until the rice is cooked and the water has been absorbed. Once the biriyani is cooked, switch off the heat and let it rest for 10 minutes. Garnish with chopped fresh coriander leaves and mint leaves, and saffron (if using). Serve hot and enjoy your delicious biriyani cooked in terracotta cookware! There's nothing quite like a homemade pizza, especially when cooked on a terracotta pizza stone. The combination of crispy crust, flavorful sauce, and melted cheese will surely make any pizza night a hit. Ingredients: 1 cup all-purpose flour 1/2 teaspoon instant yeast 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup lukewarm water 2 tablespoons olive oil Pizza sauce Toppings of your choice (mozzarella cheese, sliced vegetables, meats) Instructions: In a mixing bowl, combine the flour, yeast, and salt. Mix well. Add lukewarm water and olive oil to the mixture, and knead until you get a smooth and elastic dough. Cover the dough with a damp cloth and let it rest for 30 minutes. Preheat your terracotta pizza stone in the oven at 200°C for 10 minutes. On a floured surface, roll out the dough into a thin circle. Spread the pizza sauce evenly on the dough and add your toppings. Transfer the pizza onto the preheated terracotta pizza stone using a pizza peel or a flat spatula. Bake the pizza in the oven at 200°C for 10-12 minutes or until the crust is golden brown. Remove the pizza from the oven and let it cool for a few minutes before slicing and serving. Enjoy your homemade pizza on a terracotta pizza stone! Where to buy terracotta cookware Looking to buy some beautiful terracotta cookware? There are many options available to you! If you prefer online shopping, check out popular retailers like Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, or IndiaMART. Just be sure to choose a reputable brand and opt for unglazed pieces for the best results. For those who prefer to shop in person, you can visit speciality kitchen stores in your area. Alternatively, you can support local artisans by checking out artisan markets near you, where you can find unique and authentic pieces that are sure to impress. The choice is yours, so happy shopping and happy cooking! By now, you've got the scoop on the do's and don'ts of using terracotta cookware and the different types to choose from. Not only is it heart-healthy and a great way to balance your food's pH levels, but it also helps retain the moisture and nutrients in your dishes while circulating heat evenly for healthier, more delicious meals. And with a bit of proper seasoning and care, you can enjoy the benefits of terracotta cookware for a long time. So go ahead, switch things up, and say hello to tastier, healthier, and earthier dishes that will make your taste buds sing and keep lifestyle diseases at bay.

Be it etchings on the walls of ancient structures, sculptures of gods and goddesses within temple shrines, or dolls and artefacts harboured in tiny shops by the streets, they are all preserving old artistic works- terracotta has become a familiar material. Terracotta sculptures are one of the oldest and most ubiquitous art forms in human history. These sculptures are made of fired clay and are found across the globe in various forms, from small figurines to larger-than-life sculptures. They have been used for religious and decorative purposes, and have played an important role in the history of art. Before we delve into the significance of terracotta sculptures across cultures and time periods. I would like to point out that there are many fascinating similarities related to terracotta sculptures shared by many ancient cultures for whom, these sculptures were an integral part of life. The evolution of terracotta sculptures is a fascinating topic, as it shows how this ancient art form has changed and adapted over time. Ever wondered about the origins of these terracotta sculptures? How did this art form come into existence and what was its purpose? In this blog post, we will take a journey through time to explore the evolution of terracotta sculptures and their importance in the world of art. Ancient Terracotta Sculptures Terracotta sculptures have been an integral part of many ancient civilizations. From Greece and Rome to Egypt and India, terracotta has been used to create sculptures that have withstood the test of time. One example of ancient terracotta sculpture is the famous Terracotta Army in China, which consists of thousands of life-size sculptures that were created more than 2,000 years ago. Greece: In Greece, terracotta sculptures were created as early as the 7th century BCE. These sculptures were made using the coil and pinch method, in which the clay was rolled into long coils and then pinched together to form the desired shape. One notable example of ancient Greek terracotta sculpture is the Tanagra figurines, which were created in the 4th century BCE and were known for their delicate features and intricate details. Africa: The Nok culture is one of the earliest known cultures to produce terracotta sculptures in West Africa. The Nok people lived in what is now Nigeria between 1000 BCE and 500 CE. The terracotta sculptures produced by the Nok were mainly human figures, with some animal representations as well. These sculptures are significant not only for their age but also for their intricate details and life-like features. The Nok culture was able to produce these sculptures using complex firing and moulding techniques, which allowed for the creation of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The purpose of these sculptures is not entirely clear, but they are believed to have been used in rituals or as burial objects for important individuals. Egypt: In Egypt, terracotta sculptures were used in funerary contexts, such as canopic jars that held the organs of the deceased. One example of ancient Egyptian terracotta sculpture is a group of human-like statues known as the "Shawabti figures," which were created to serve as servants for the deceased in the afterlife. Indus Valley Civilisation: In India, terracotta sculptures were created as early as the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. These sculptures were made using a variety of techniques, including wheel-throwing and hand-building. One example of an ancient Indian terracotta sculpture is the "Mother Goddess" figurine, which was created during the Harappan period and is believed to represent fertility and motherhood. Renaissance and Baroque Period During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, there was a renewed interest in the use of terracotta sculptures in art and architecture. Terracotta was used extensively for the decoration of buildings and monuments, and also for creating intricate sculptures. One of the most notable characteristics of these sculptures was the intricate details and delicate features, which were achieved through skilled techniques such as modelling, carving, and casting. Some of the most famous terracotta sculptures from this era include Luca della Robbia's "Madonna and Child", Giovanni della Robbia’s "Dovizia”, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "terracotta model of the blessed Ludovica Alberton” These sculptures not only showcased the artists’ mastery of the medium but also reflected the cultural and artistic trends of the time. 19th and 20th Century Terracotta Sculptures The 19th and 20th centuries saw a continued evolution of terracotta sculpture. The Art Nouveau movement of the late 19th century embraced the use of natural forms and flowing lines, which were often translated into terracotta sculptures. The Art Deco movement of the 1920s and 30s, on the other hand, favoured more geometric and streamlined designs in their terracotta sculptures. In the modern era, terracotta sculptures have continued to be used in contemporary art. Many artists have experimented with new techniques and styles, resulting in a diverse range of terracotta sculptures. Some artists use terracotta to create hyper-realistic sculptures, while others prefer to explore more abstract forms. Famous 19th and 20th-century terracotta sculptors include Auguste Rodin, who is known for his expressive terracotta busts, and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, who created intricate and detailed terracotta sculptures. Contemporary artists working with terracotta include Ai Weiwei, who creates large-scale installations using the material, and Simone Leigh, who creates powerful and thought-provoking sculptures that often incorporate elements of African art. Techniques and Tools Used in Terracotta Sculpture-Making Terracotta sculpture-making is a centuries-old craft that requires a combination of skill, patience, and creativity. The process involves several tools and techniques that have evolved over time to create stunning works of art. One of the most important aspects of terracotta sculpture-making is the clay used. Various types of clay are used, each with its own unique properties and characteristics. The most commonly used clay for terracotta sculptures is earthenware, which is known for its ability to withstand high temperatures during firing. Another crucial aspect of terracotta sculpture-making is the firing process. Once the sculpture is complete, it is dried thoroughly and then fired in a kiln. The firing temperature and duration depend on the type of clay used and the desired finish. Some sculptors prefer a matte finish, while others opt for a glossy or glazed finish. The finishing techniques for terracotta sculptures can also vary greatly. Sculptors may choose to leave the sculpture in its natural, fired state, or they may paint or glaze it to add colour and texture. Some sculptors also use additional materials, such as metal or wood, to enhance the sculpture's overall appearance. In terms of tools, a variety of instruments are used to shape and mould the clay. These include wire tools, rib tools, and loop tools, each with a specific purpose. Some sculptors also use a potter's wheel to create symmetrical shapes or add intricate details. Conclusion From emulating their own culture and living experiences to elevating the art form to bestow meaning and metaphorical interpretation, people have been shaping the material from time immemorial. During ancient times, terracotta was one of the easily accessible and widely used materials. Even today the material and art form hasn’t become obsolete despite the takeover of industries, and the shift to synthetic materials. The myths and stories tethered to the sculptures, figurines, and etchings, have been travelling from one era to another, and these old tales are recounted and are upheld even today. These stories and myths, however, could not contain themselves in a particular place. They moved from one place to another, transcending boundaries. Isn't it incredible how stories of different countries have common themes and motifs? The universality of human experiences, irrespective of differences in language, lifestyle, and demographic, the stories seem to have a significant amount of affinity. Many artworks have gotten lost in the layers of time, but some have stood the test of time. Like any other form, this art form has also undergone revival and reformations. The usage also has differed. Today, terracotta is gathering momentum, and is entering various arenas - be it academics, its art and craft. Research and study on the historical significance of terracotta and archaeological study have been emerging branches of discourse. Not only do we see sculptures, etchings on the walls or ancient artefacts around us, but we also have seen pots, vessels, kitchenware, accessories, etc. As the concept of eco-friendly is reaching the masses, terracotta, as an organic material is one of the most preferred mediums.

Planning on starting an Indoor Garden? If so, then terracotta pots might be on your list to check out. Terracotta pots are porous eco-friendly clay pots that are cost-effective and a great aid to your indoor planting desires. How? These clay pots for indoor plants provide more air circulation, prevent overwatering and root rotting. The Indoor terracotta pots are most suitable for plants that like dry climates such as snake plants, succulents, cacti, monstera, Ficus, philodendrons etc. By implementing the care and maintenance techniques outlined here, you can effectively prevent the spread of pests and diseases amongst your pet plants. Advantages of using Terracotta Pots for Indoor Plants The advantages provided by terracotta are mainly due to its porous nature. To begin with, it provides air circulation and prevents overwatering. All forms of clay love water and terracotta is no different. Surplus water that remains even after the absorption by the clay, will flow out through the drainage holes. Even if your pot does not have a drainage hole at the bottom, the clay will expel the excess water by itself due to its porous nature. It would be a great idea to keep a plate underneath to collect this water and prevent your floor from becoming dirty. Additionally, its porous nature also ensures the regulation of soil moisture while root rotting can be entirely avoided. You can also paint and decorate the terracotta pots to your heart’s desire. Choosing the right Terracotta Pot for your Indoor Plant There are three main areas that you need to decide on before you choose which terracotta pot to buy. Firstly, you need to consider the size of your plant to determine the planter size. If you are planting seeds that can grow into tall plants with an extensive root system, do not buy a small pot. Remember the drainage holes? The plants could become root bound and it would be considerably difficult to replant them into a bigger pot, especially if the roots grow out through the drainage holes. Lastly, it is important to check the quality of the pots. For this, you can perform an easy test before you buy. Turn your pot upside down on a flat surface and then place your thumb or any finger over the drainage hole at the bottom. Then tap the rim of your pot with a metal object like a spoon or a screwdriver. A good quality pot will have a nice ring to it. This is because of the high temperature in which it is fried. Proper care and maintenance for Terracotta Pots The number one rule of using terracotta pots is that you have to let it soak in water overnight before you put the plant in. As mentioned before, terracotta loves water, so you do not want it to steal the water meant for your plants. Remember to water your plants more frequently as well. After some time passes, you will probably notice that there are some new colourful layers added to your pots’ natural brown colour. Some people love this patina look. They argue that there would not be anyone who would dislike a piece of vintage in their home. But others, go the extra mile to get rid of all of the colours to make it plain brown once again. For that, you need to, first of all, remove your plant from the pot altogether and dry it. Drying the pot and the dirt in it helps to get rid of the loose dirt faster. Then, you need to soak it in a vinegar and water mixture with a ratio of 1 part vinegar and four parts water. This will take away all of the white layer, which is the accumulation of minerals, of the pots while also sanitizing it for the new plants (in case you’re planning on putting a new plant into it). If the problem persists, then use a baking soda and water mixture of the same 1:4 ratio. The final step is to soak it in a mixture consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water. This will help remove any fungus. You might have heard that terracotta pots are prone to cracking and it is quite true unless you take proper care of it. The best tip is to always keep it in a climate-controlled area, otherwise, in extreme temperatures, the clay will expand and contract, resulting in severely weakened pores, though you can also seal in the small cracks with Epoxy which will help prevent more breakage. Common Mistakes to Avoid with Terracotta Pots for Indoor Plants When you move on to choosing your terracotta pot, the very first suggestion that we can give you is to kindly not buy the terracotta saucer that comes with Indoor terracotta pots and save yourself the trouble of cleaning the area around the saucer because as you probably understood by now, terracotta is porous; This means the saucer is going to leak. The second suggestion is to not let the clay be exposed to extreme temperatures, because it will expand and contract which will in turn lead to cracks. In case your terracotta pots have drainage holes, to avoid the soil being drained out along with the water, make sure that you use a coffee filter mesh which is to be put inside the pot before planting. This is not necessary for pots without drainage holes. How to Decorate with Terracotta Pots for Indoor Plants Decorating terracotta pots is a fun and creative way to add personality and style to your indoor space and plants. Here are a few ideas to help you get started on transforming a simple pot into a unique and eye-catching decoration. Painting: Painting your pots is a fun and easy DIY project that can give your pots a new look and feel. However, it's important to use the right type of paint and prepare the surface properly to ensure the paint adheres well and lasts. Explore different types of paint and materials like tape, stencils and styles of painting, and ensure that you protect your work of art with the appropriate sealant. Decoupage: For those who don’t want to paint, decoupage is a fun and creative way to decorate your terracotta pots. It involves cutting out pictures or designs from paper or fabric and glueing them onto the surface of the pot, creating a unique and personalized look. Decoupage allows you to showcase your creativity while adding a touch of elegance to your indoor garden Additionally you can upcycle old fabric lying around the house. Gold leafing: Gold leafing is an elegant way to decorate terracotta pots. It involves applying a thin layer of gold leaf onto the surface of the pot using adhesive. The result is a beautiful and shiny finish that adds a touch of glamour to any indoor plant display. Mosaic tiles: If you're feeling adventurous, mosaic tiles are the way to go. This is a great way to add colour and texture to your pots without painting. You can use broken pieces of ceramic tile, glass, or even seashells to create your design. Apply a layer of tile adhesive to the pot and arrange the pieces in your desired pattern. Once it dries, you can grout the tiles and seal the pot. Macrame : Macrame is an amazing technique to add a touch of boho-chic to your indoor gardening setup. You can use it to hang your pots from the ceiling or create a skirt for your pot, adding an extra layer of texture and interest to your décor. Terracotta pots, with their vintage and colourful aesthetic appeal, can enhance the beauty of any space and are therefore an excellent choice for indoor gardening. The use of terracotta pots is an effective way to prevent overwatering, as well as to protect your plants from pests, diseases, and root rot. Although taking care of these pots may require some time and effort, it is a task that only needs to be done occasionally. If you follow the steps given here, I am certain that you can have a thriving indoor garden free of worry and of losing your precious plants. The greatest point about using indoor terracotta pots is that you can even personalize them to your tastes while being environmentally friendly. They are amazing for your plants’ growth and if they had voices, they would thank you for it.

Terracotta is a symbol of humanity's innate desire to create, express, and tell stories. It has been used for centuries in different parts of the world, from the Terracotta Army of China, or the magnificent sculptures scattered in ancient Rome, its versatility and availability, and universality, have bestowed preciousness and earthiness to the unglazed material. Today, it continues to be a source of inspiration for artists and designers alike, a material that combines durability with beauty, and that speaks to our collective memory and imagination. During the Renaissance period, terracotta reached its golden age, and it was widely used in North Italy and North Germany. Towns had buildings made of that exuded the charm of iron-melded clay. Terracotta surpassed traditional materials such as bronze and marble in popularity, and it flourished as a celebrated material in Italy. During the 1440s, Luca della Robia, an Italian sculptor, gained renown for his innovations and techniques in crafting glazed terracotta sculptures that could withstand exposure to air and moisture. The popularity of terracotta increased, and it began to be used for various purposes such as building blocks for mansions in England. Italy was one of the first countries to embrace terracotta art, and Italian artisans migrated to other countries to share their skills. This led to the expansion of terracotta art in other parts of the world. However, its use dwindled as Italian workers started leaving the place. Later in the 18th century, the art found its resort in France, where artists started producing figurines. In addition to architecture, terracotta has also been an important element in sculpting. In Africa, the Nok culture holds a great part of the terracotta architecture, creating intricate human heads, figures, animal heads, bows, arrows, and slingshots that reflect their lives and occupation. Their sculptures have underlying meanings and motifs, ranging from social structures to references to the dead. India's ancient Indus Valley civilization instilled the skill of making animal figurines, while religious events such as the Vaishnawite movement influenced terracotta sculpting in temples of West Bengal. In states like Bihar and Gujarat, figurines and animals were sculpted for use in temples. The Bishnupur temple in West Bengal is a complex of twenty temples that still stand tall today, embellished with etchings from Hindu mythology. Terracotta has been widely used across the globe, from embellishments on buildings and monuments to religious sculptures with deep meanings entrenched in mythology and ancient culture. Whether it is through the majestic buildings of Italy or the spiritual sculptures of Africa and India, terracotta has left an indelible mark on our world, a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of humanity. Its enduring legacy is a reminder of the power of art to transcend boundaries and unite people across diverse cultures and backgrounds. So let us celebrate this timeless art form, and let it continue to inspire us for generations to come.